MISSION 35

Ans. Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle

Ans. Telecasting of television programs.

Ans. low earth orbits.

Ans. Indian Space Research Organization
OR
International Space Research Organization

Ans. the moon

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A manmade object revolves around the earth or any other planet in a fixed orbit is called an artificial satellite.
Based on their function satellites are of various types-
• Weather satellite - Study and prediction of weather.
• Communication satellite - Establish communication between different location of the world.
• Broadcast satellite - Telecasting of tv programmes.
• Navigational satellite - Fix the location of any place on the earth's surface.
• Military satellite - Collect information for security aspects.
• Earth observation satellite - Study of forests, deserts, oceans, polar ice etc.

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• The major portion of weight in satellite launch vehicles is contributed by fuel. Thus, vehicles have to carry a large weight of fuel during their course of journey. To overcome this problem of launch vehicles carrying heavy load during its entire journey, it is provided with more than one stage.
• Because to this, the weight of the vehicles can be reduced step by step, after its launching.
• For example, consider a launch vehicles having two stages. For launching the vehicles, the fuel and engine in the first stage are used. This imparts a specific velocity to the vehicle and takes it to a certain height.
• Once the fuel in this first stage is exhausted, the empty fuel tank and the engine are detached from the main body of the vehicles and fall either into a sea or on an unpopulated land. As the fuel in this first stage is exhausted, the fuel in the second stage is ignited.
• However, the vehicles now contains only one (i.e. the second) stage. The vehicles can move with higher speed as the weight has reduced.

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• In addition to the artificial satellite, some other objects are also revolving around the earth. It includes, non-functional satellites, parts of the launcher detached during launching and debris generated due to collision of satellite with other satellite or any other object in the space.
• This debris can be harmful to the artificial satellites. It can collide with these satellites or space crafts and damage them. This debris is increasing day by day. Soon, it will be difficult to launch new spacecrafts. It is, therefore, very essential to manage the debris.

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Ans. ≈ 12 hrs

Ans. 3.08 km/s

Ans. 23.89 hrs.

Ans. R + 2h₁